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Rulings are written by Regulations and Rulings (R&R), a division of CBP's Office of Trade (renamed from Office of International Trade on February 24, 2016 [2]). Certain ruling subject matter is handled by the National Commodity Specialist Division (NCSD), a section of R&R which is located in New York City. CBP issues new rulings regularly.
Circuit court decisions are binding on the district courts within their jurisdiction, imposing some degree of uniformity. When an appeal from a decision of a court of appeals is taken to the federal high court , the Supreme Court of the United States , further uniformity is imposed, because the Supreme Court's decisions are binding on all lower ...
The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases: contentious cases between states in which the court produces binding rulings between states that agree, or have previously agreed, to submit to the ruling of the court; and advisory opinions, which provide reasoned, but non-binding, rulings on properly submitted questions of international law, usually at the request of ...
This was the first Supreme Court ruling to deal with homosexuality and the first to address free speech rights with respect to homosexuality. Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986) A Georgia law that criminalizes certain acts of private sexual conduct between homosexual persons does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. (Overruled by Lawrence v.
In United States federal courts, a circuit split, also known as a split of authority or split in authority, occurs when two or more different circuit courts of appeals provide conflicting rulings on the same legal issue. [1]
The doctrine provides that an appellate court's determination on a legal issue is binding on both the trial court on remand and on the appellate court on a subsequent appeal given the same case and substantially the same facts. [4]
According to Cross, "Interpretation is the process by which the courts determine the meaning of a statutory provision for the purpose of applying it to the situation before them", [6] while Salmond calls it "the process by which the courts seek to ascertain the meaning of the legislature through the medium of authoritative forms in which it is ...
ICJ rulings are legally binding on states but not enforceable without their approval or compliance. [73] [74] The International Court of Justice cannot hear the cases of organizations, private enterprises, and individuals. Furthermore, UN agencies are unable to raise a case except in the circumstance of a non-binding advisory opinion.