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Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a compound consisting of exactly four chemical elements. In another use of the term in organic chemistry, a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic (alkyl and aryl) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms. [1]
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged ( cationic ) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4 ] + . It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia ( NH 3 ).
Quaternary ammonium compounds are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR 4 + with R being alkyl or aryl groups. The R groups may also be connected. The R groups may also be connected. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quaternary ammonium compounds .
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3 (in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an ...
Like other quaternary ammonium cations, TPA is prepared by the alkylation of the corresponding ammonia analogue, tripropylamine. Treatment of the amine with a primary propyl halide such as n-bromopropane yields the corresponding TPA halide salt in a Menshutkin reaction: (C 3 H 7) 3 N + C 3 H 7 Br → (C 3 H 7) 4 N + Br −
The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH + 4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH 3. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name onium is also used for cations that would result from the substitution of hydrogen atoms in those ions by other groups, such as organic groups, or halogens; such as tetraphenylphosphonium , (C 6 H 5 ...
Ammonia and ammonium salts can be readily detected, in very minute traces, by the addition of Nessler's solution, which gives a distinct yellow colouration in the presence of the slightest trace of ammonia or ammonium salts. The amount of ammonia in ammonium salts can be estimated quantitatively by distillation of the salts with sodium (NaOH ...