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Most of the efferent vessels from the paraaortic nodes converge to form the right and left lumbar trunks which join the cisterna chyli, but some enter the preaortic and retroaortic lymph nodes, and others pierce the crura of the diaphragm to join the lower end of the thoracic duct.
Anterolateral view of head and neck (supraclavicular fossa labeled at center right) Front view of neck (supraclavicular fossa labeled at center right) Details;
Virchow's nodes are named after Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), the German pathologist who first described the nodes and their association with gastric cancer in 1848. [4] The French pathologist Charles Emile Troisier noted in 1889 that other abdominal cancers, too, could spread to the nodes.
The cause of the majority of spinal tumors is currently not known. Primary spinal tumors are associated with a few genetic syndromes. [1] [5] Neurofibromas are associated with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). [1]
A nerve sheath tumor is a type of tumor of the nervous system (nervous system neoplasm) which is made up primarily of the myelin surrounding nerves.Nerve sheath tumors can be benign or malignant, and may affect both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Other common locations include the adrenal gland, paraspinal retroperitoneum, posterior mediastinum, head, and neck. [1] It is contained within the neuroblastic tumors group, which includes: [ 3 ] Ganglioneuroma (benign), Ganglioneuroblastoma (intermediate), Neuroblastoma (aggressive).
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
The anterior scalene muscle (Latin: scalenus anterior), lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and ...