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Sail components include the features that define a sail's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may be classified in a variety of ways, including by its orientation to the vessel (e.g. fore-and-aft) and its shape, (e.g. (a)symmetrical, triangular, quadrilateral, etc.).
A warship propelled by oars with a sail for use in a favourable wind Galliot Name refers to several types of sailing vessel, usually two-masted Gunboat Various small armed vessels, originally sail and later powered Hydrofoil A ship whose hull is fitted underneath with shaped vanes (foils) which lift the hull out of the water at speed. Ironclad
Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester cloth, laminated membranes or bonded filaments, usually in a three- or four-sided shape. A sail provides propulsive force via a combination of lift and drag, depending on its angle of attack, its angle with respect to the apparent wind. Apparent wind is the ...
Lift on a sail, acting as an airfoil, occurs in a direction perpendicular to the incident airstream (the apparent wind velocity for the headsail) and is a result of pressure differences between the windward and leeward surfaces and depends on the angle of attack, sail shape, air density, and speed of the apparent wind.
The sail can even be tilted completely horizontally, becoming wing-like, to lift the bow above incoming waves. The sail is reefed by rolling it around the lower spar. [19] In addition to the tanja sails, ships with the tanja rigs also have bowsprits set with a quadrilateral headsail, sometimes also canted as depicted in the Borobudur ships. [22]
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Defined by sail plan. All masts have fore-and-aft sails. Schooner: fore-and-aft rigged sails, with two or more masts, the aftermost mast taller or equal to the height of the forward mast(s) All masts have square sails. Brig: two masts, square rigged (may have a spanker on the aftermost) Full-rigged ship: three or more masts, all of them square ...
1. A mizzen sail is a small sail (triangular or gaff) on a ketch or yawl set abaft the mizzenmast. [2] 2. A mizzen staysail is an occasional lightweight staysail on a ketch or yawl, set forward of the mizzenmast while reaching in light to moderate airs. [2] 3. A mizzenmast is a mast on a ketch or yawl, or spritsail barge.