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In the Arthashastra, Books 7, 11 and 12 have given a comprehensive analysis on all aspects of the relations between states. In the first chapter of Book 6, the theoretical basis of foreign policy are described. This includes six-fold foreign policy and the Mandala Theory of foreign policy. [182]
In 1905, Shamasastry discovered the Arthashastra among a heap of manuscripts. He transcribed, edited and published the Sanskrit edition in 1909. He proceeded to translate it into English, publishing it in 1915. [3] The manuscript was in the Early Grantha script. Other copies of the Arthashastra were discovered later in other parts of India.
Kautilya's works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire in the sixth century CE and not rediscovered until the early 20th century, when the Arthashastra was discovered in 1905 by librarian Rudrapatna Shamasastry in an uncatalogued group of ancient palm-leaf manuscripts donated by an unknown pandit to the Oriental Research Institute Mysore. [53]
In the fourth century BCE, Kautilya in his Arthashastra recognised it as a distinct branch of learning different from Vedas and other disciplines. Kautilya classifies all disciplines into four categories: scripture (the three Vedas, trayi ), agriculture and commerce ( varta ), politics and public administration ( danda-niti ), and ...
Vishnugupta, popularly known as Chanakya or Kautilya, the architect of the Mauryan Empire in the fourth century BCE, theorized further, working on this basic dictum, and brought out a treatise called "Kautilya’s Arthashastra" meaning a treatise on Public Administration the first such document in India. Kautilya's approach enshrined the "State ...
The Rajamandala (or Rāja-maṇḍala meaning "circle of kings"; [1] मण्डल, maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle") was formulated by the Indian author Chanakya (Kautilya) in his work on politics, the Arthashastra (written between 4th century BCE and 2nd century CE).
The Arthashastra (1.7.6) emphasizes Artha's importance, with Kautilya stating that material gain is the most crucial of the three ends of life, as it supports the realization of dharma and kama. [10] James Lochtefeld describes [1] artha as the means of life, and includes material prosperity.
Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to solve state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations (Arthashastra 2.10.47). [5] This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow. Sāma, the first step, means conciliation or alliances.