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The Geographer (Dutch: De geograaf) is a painting created by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in 1668–1669, and is now in the collection of the Städel museum in Frankfurt, Germany. It is closely related to Vermeer's The Astronomer, for instance using the same model in the same dress, and has sometimes been considered a pendant painting to it. A ...
Until 1860, the painting was considered to have been painted by Vermeer's contemporary, Pieter de Hooch; Vermeer was little-known until the late 19th century. Hooch's signature was even forged on the painting. It was at the intervention of the German art historian Gustav Friedrich Waagen that it was recognised as a Vermeer original. [29] [30]
Girl with a Red Hat (attribution to Vermeer has been questioned) [15] 1668 or c. 1665–67 [8] Oil on panel, 22.8 × 18 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington: The Astronomer: 1668 Oil on canvas, 50.8 × 46.3 cm Louvre, Paris: The Geographer: 1668/69 Oil on canvas, 53 × 46.6 cm Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main: The Lacemaker: 1669/70
Johannes Vermeer, The Geographer 1668-69 oil on canvas; 53×47 cm. Steadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt, Germany. The Geographer used the same model and other elements as The Astronomer . Portrayals of scientists were a favourite topic in 17th-century Dutch painting [ 1 ] and Vermeer's oeuvre includes both this astronomer and the slightly ...
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Vermeer's iconography in the painting is largely taken from Cesare Ripa's Iconologia, an emblem book (a collection of allegorical illustrations with accompanying morals or poems on a moral theme) which had been translated into Dutch in 1644 by D. P. Pers. The artist used various symbols that Ripa described and illustrated in his book, along ...
This is one of only four dated Vermeer paintings, the others being The Procuress (1656), The Astronomer (1668) and The Geographer (1669). Vermeer's two early history paintings, Christ in the House of Martha and Mary and Diana and Her Companions , are dated by almost all art historians to 1654–6, although opinions differ as to which is earlier.
On the left side of the painting is a multi-paned window, from which the light source is provided for the scene. Vermeer used the same window design in nine of his other works (The Music Lesson, The Girl with the Wine Glass, The Glass of Wine, Officer and Laughing Girl, Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid, Woman with a Water Jug, Woman with a Lute, Woman Holding a Balance, and Woman with a ...