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The Pólya enumeration theorem can be used to calculate the number of graphs up to isomorphism with a fixed number of vertices, or the generating function of these graphs according to the number of edges they have. For the latter purpose, we can say that a black or present edge has weight 1, while an absent or white edge has weight 0.
The book was unique at the time because of its arrangement, less by topic and more by method of solution, so arranged in order to build up the student's problem-solving abilities. The preface of the book contains some remarks on general problem solving and mathematical heuristics which anticipate Pólya's later works on that subject ...
Pólya’s theorem can be used to construct an example of two random variables whose characteristic functions coincide over a finite interval but are different elsewhere. Pólya’s theorem. If is a real-valued, even, continuous function which satisfies the conditions =,
Bondy's theorem (graph theory, combinatorics) Bondy–Chvátal theorem (graph theory) Bonnet theorem (differential geometry) Boolean prime ideal theorem (mathematical logic) Borel–Bott–Weil theorem (representation theory) Borel–Carathéodory theorem (complex analysis) Borel–Weil theorem (representation theory) Borel determinacy theorem
A tree that (as an abstract graph) has 480 symmetries (automorphisms).There are 2 ways of permuting the two children of the upper left vertex, 2 ways of permuting the two children of the upper middle vertex, and 5! = 120 ways of permuting the five children of the upper right vertex, for 2 · 2 · 120 = 480 symmetries altogether.
Can you vary or change your problem to create a new problem (or set of problems) whose solution(s) will help you solve your original problem? Search: Auxiliary Problem: Can you find a subproblem or side problem whose solution will help you solve your problem? Subgoal: Here is a problem related to yours and solved before
The monodromy theorem gives a sufficient condition for the existence of a direct analytic continuation (i.e., an extension of an analytic function to an analytic function on a bigger set). Suppose D ⊂ C {\displaystyle D\subset \mathbb {C} } is an open set and f an analytic function on D .
In more advanced mathematics the monotone convergence theorem usually refers to a fundamental result in measure theory due to Lebesgue and Beppo Levi that says that for sequences of non-negative pointwise-increasing measurable functions (), taking the integral and the supremum can be interchanged with the result being finite if either one is ...