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The prepupa is a stage in the life cycle of certain insects, following the larva or nymph and preceding the pupa. It occurs in both holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects. Examples
Systems chemistry is the science of studying networks of interacting molecules, to create new functions from a set (or library) of molecules with different hierarchical levels and emergent properties. [1] [2] Systems chemistry is also related to the origin of life (abiogenesis). [3]
In organic chemistry, an anti-Bredt molecule is a bridged molecule with a double bond at the bridgehead. Bredt's rule is the empirical observation that such molecules only form in large ring systems. For example, two of the following norbornene isomers violate Bredt's rule, and are too unstable to prepare: Bridgehead atoms violating Bredt's ...
The spiro carbon, C, is a stereogenic centre, and priority can be assigned a>a′>b>b′, in which one ring (both give the same answer) contains atoms a and b adjacent to the spiro carbon, and the other contains a′ and b′. The configuration at C may then be assigned as for any other stereocentre.
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium.The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero.
i is the total number of atoms of element i, which is a constant, since the system is closed. If there are a total of k types of atoms in the system, then there will be k such equations. If ions are involved, an additional row is added to the a ij matrix specifying the respective charge on each molecule which will sum to zero.
A dispersion is a system in which distributed particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. The two phases may be in the same or different states of matter . Dispersions are classified in a number of different ways, including how large the particles are in relation to the particles of the continuous phase ...
This book is a collection of names and terms already discussed in Pure and Applied Chemistry. [57] The Compendium of Chemical Terminology was first published in 1987. [ 11 ] The first edition of this book contains no original material, but is meant to be a compilation of other IUPAC works.