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Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and AIDS.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is not simple "picky eating" commonly seen in toddlers and young children, which usually resolves on its own. [2]In ARFID, the behaviors are so severe that they lead to nutritional deficiencies, poor weight gain (or significant weight loss), and/or significant interference with "psychosocial functioning."
Inedia (Latin for 'fasting') or breatharianism (/ b r ɛ ˈ θ ɛər i ə n ɪ z əm / breth-AIR-ee-ən-iz-əm) is the claimed ability for a person to live without consuming food, and in some cases water.
The term pica originates in the Latin word for magpie, pīca, [4] [45] a bird famed for its unusual eating behaviors and believed to eat almost anything. [46] The Latin may have been a translation of a Greek word meaning both 'magpie, jay' and 'pregnancy craving, craving for strange food'.
An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition that involves an unhealthy relationship with food and body image. They can cause severe physical and psychological problems. [60] Eating disorders involve disproportionate concern in matters of food and weight. [40]
They make up a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, bread, and other grain-based products, [14] [15] but they are not an essential nutrient, meaning a human does not need to eat carbohydrates. [16] Monosaccharides contain one sugar unit, disaccharides two, and polysaccharides three or more.
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a collection of evolved responses – sickness behavior by the body – that helps clear infection and promote recovery. Such aspects of illness can include lethargy, depression, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, and inability to concentrate. [10] [11] [12] Disorder