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Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. [3] In 95% of cases of APL, the RARA gene on chromosome 17 is involved in a reciprocal translocation with the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15, a translocation denoted as t(15;17)(q22;q21). [3]
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) (also known as MYL, RNF71, PP8675 or TRIM19 [5]) is the protein product of the PML gene. PML protein is a tumor suppressor protein required for the assembly of a number of nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin [ 5 ] of the cell nucleus.
Specific instances of aberrant gene rearrangement at this locus have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) [5] and physiological roles have been identified in mouse Natural Killer T cells [6] [7] and gamma-delta T cells. [8] Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized in human. [9] [10]
All subtypes except acute promyelocytic leukemia are usually given induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline such as daunorubicin or idarubicin. [60] This induction chemotherapy regimen is known as " 7+3 " (or "3+7"), because the cytarabine is given as a continuous IV infusion for seven consecutive days while the anthracycline ...
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, known for its accumulation of abnormal, course, densely granulated promyelocytes in the bone marrow. [6] The excessive proliferation of promyelocytes, attributing at least 30% of the myeloid cells in the bone marrow, result in a depletion of blood cells, including white ...
Arsenic trioxide is intended for the induction of remission and consolidation in adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia who have the t(15;17) translocation and/or the PML/RARα gene. The drug should be used after treatment failure or relapse. Prior therapy should include retinoid and chemotherapy. [70]
Tretinoin is used to induce remission in people with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who have a mutation (the t(15;17) translocation that gives rise to the PML::RARα fusion gene). It is not used for maintenance therapy. [5] [25] [26] Tretinoin is not effective for the treatment of non-APL forms of Acute Myeloid Leukemia [27] or other forms ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 June 2024. Abnormal blood cells in hypergranular APML A faggot cell (bottom left of the central cell cluster) with a prominent collection of Auer rods from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Faggot cells are cells normally found in the hypergranular form of acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB ...