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The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth. The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. [6] Tooth enamel ranks 5 on Mohs hardness scale (between steel and titanium) and has a Young's modulus of 83 GPa. [4]
The teeth of Arctodus pristinus transition between undulating to acute-angled Hunter-Schreger bands while Arctodus simus exhibited a transition between undulating to zigzag bands, demonstrating an evolution towards reinforced tooth enamel. This has been convergently evolved with giant pandas, agriotheriin bears, and Hemicyon. [9]
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more or less formal empire.
Metabolic disorders resulting from poor diet or disease have a particularly significant effect on enamel, and a range of other non-specific diseases can cause the feature, such as measles, diphtheria and deficiency in vitamin A, D and C. [24] The identification of enamel hypoplasias is best done with microscopic analysis of tooth thin sections ...
The home and colonial populations of the world's empires in 1908, as given by The Harmsworth Atlas and Gazetteer. Because of the trend of increasing world population over time, absolute population figures are for some purposes less relevant for comparison between different empires than their respective shares of the world population at the time ...
Between the publication of Lenin's Imperialism in 1916 and Paul Sweezy's The Theory of Capitalist Development in 1942 and Paul A. Baran's Political Economy of Growth in 1957, there was a notable lack of development in the Marxist theory of imperialism, best explained by the elevation of Lenin's work to the status of Marxist orthodoxy. Like ...
Engraved on the tooth is a picture of the ship Francis, which artist Fred Myrick served on during the early 1800s. Now, sperm whales are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. So, in ...
Amelogenesis is the process of forming tooth enamel, the hard, protective outer layer of teeth. [1] This process begins during tooth development after the initial formation of dentin (dentinogenesis), the layer beneath the enamel. [2]