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Below are useful terms on ultrasound: [4] Echogenic – giving rise to reflections (echoes) of ultrasound waves; Hyperechoic – more echogenic (brighter) than normal; Hypoechoic – less echogenic (darker) than normal; Isoechoic – the same echogenicity as another tissue; Transvaginal ultrasonography – Ultrasound is performed through the vagina
During ultrasound examinations, sometimes echogenicity is higher in certain parts of body. Fatty liver could cause increased echogenicity in the liver, especially if the liver transaminases are elevated. [3] Women with polycystic ovary syndrome may also show an increase in stromal echogenicity.
Transvaginal ultrasound of the uterus, showing the endometrium as a hyperechoic (brighter) area in the middle, with linear striations extending upwards from it. Transvaginal ultrasonography is a cheap and readily available imaging test that is typically used early during the evaluation of gynecologic symptoms. [24]
Transvaginal ultrasonography of a hematometra after childbirth, seen as a hypoechoic (darker) area within the uterine cavity. The cervix is located to the left in the image, and the fundus is located to the right. Specialty: Gynecology
In premenopausal women, adnexal masses include ovarian cysts, ectopic (tubal) pregnancies, benign or malignant tumors, endometriomas, polycystic ovaries, and tubo-ovarian abscess. The most common causes for adnexal masses in premenopausal women include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts .
Hyperthecosis, or ovarian hyperthecosis, is hyperplasia of the theca interna of the ovary. [1] Hyperthecosis occurs when an area of luteinization occurs along with stromal hyperplasia. The luteinized cells produce androgens , which may lead to hirsutism and virilization (or masculinization) in affected women.
Endometrioma can potentially lead to premature ovarian failure, decreased ovarian function, or problems with ovulation. [4] Studies have also found that endometriomas occur two times more frequently in the left ovary (67%) than in the right one (33%), possibly due to the presence of the sigmoid colon on the left side.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in some women who take fertility medication to stimulate egg growth, and in other women in sporadic cases. Most cases are mild, but rarely the condition is severe and can lead to serious illness or even death.