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Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
This API is a part of .NET Framework 3.0. A Windows Forms application is an event-driven application supported by Microsoft's .NET Framework.Unlike a batch program, it spends most of its time simply waiting for the user to do something, such as fill in a text box or click a button.
However, the second form is more efficient to compute than the first form, because each map requires rebuilding an entire list from scratch. Therefore, compilers will attempt to transform the first form into the second; this type of optimization is known as map fusion and is the functional analog of loop fusion .
If n is greater than the length of the string then most implementations return the whole string (exceptions exist – see code examples). Note that for variable-length encodings such as UTF-8 , UTF-16 or Shift-JIS , it can be necessary to remove string positions at the end, in order to avoid invalid strings.
Henry and Kafura's complexity value is defined as "the procedure length multiplied by the square of fan-in multiplied by fan-out" (Length ×(fan-in × fan-out)²). Chidamber and Kemerer introduced "A Metrics Suite for Object-Oriented Design" in 1994, [ 4 ] focusing on metrics for object-oriented code.
The cross product operation is an example of a vector rank function because it operates on vectors, not scalars. Matrix multiplication is an example of a 2-rank function, because it operates on 2-dimensional objects (matrices). Collapse operators reduce the dimensionality of an input data array by one or more dimensions. For example, summing ...
C# is a programming language. The following is a list of software programmed in it: Banshee, a cross-platform open-source media player. Beagle, a search system for Linux and other Unix-like systems. Colectica, a suite of programs for use in managing official statistics and statistical surveys using open standards.
In object-oriented programming, the factory method pattern is a design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify their exact classes. Rather than by calling a constructor , this is accomplished by invoking a factory method to create an object.