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The converse may or may not be true, and even if true, the proof may be difficult. For example, the four-vertex theorem was proved in 1912, but its converse was proved only in 1997. [3] In practice, when determining the converse of a mathematical theorem, aspects of the antecedent may be taken as establishing context.
TPTP (Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers) [1] is a freely available collection of problems for automated theorem proving. It is used to evaluate the efficacy of automated reasoning algorithms. [2] [3] [4] Problems are expressed in a simple text-based format for first order logic or higher-order logic. [5]
The Metamath Proof Explorer (recorded in set.mm) is the main database. It is based on classical first-order logic and ZFC set theory (with the addition of Tarski-Grothendieck set theory when needed, for example in category theory). The database has been maintained for over thirty years (the first proofs in set.mm are dated September 1992). The ...
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface , with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are ...
An interactive proof session in CoqIDE, showing the proof script on the left and the proof state on the right. Coq is an interactive theorem prover first released in 1989. It allows for expressing mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
The converse relation does satisfy the (weaker) axioms of a semigroup with involution: () = and () =. [12] Since one may generally consider relations between different sets (which form a category rather than a monoid, namely the category of relations Rel ), in this context the converse relation conforms to the axioms of a dagger category (aka ...
In the mathematical theory of automorphic forms, a converse theorem gives sufficient conditions for a Dirichlet series to be the Mellin transform of a modular form. More generally a converse theorem states that a representation of an algebraic group over the adeles is automorphic whenever the L-functions of various twists of it are well-behaved.