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The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
Hawthorne effect, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied; Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment
The Hawthorne effect occurs when research study participants know they are being studied and alter their performance because of the attention they receive from the experimenters. The John Henry effect , a specific form of Hawthorne effect, occurs when the participants in the control group alter their behavior out of awareness that they are in ...
French is credited with naming the Hawthorne effect in 1953 after a 1924–1932 study conducted by Elton Mayo at the Hawthorne Works, a factory in Cicero, Illinois. [4] In 1937 French married Sophia L. Hunt and the couple had two children, Rebecca Kennedy and John R. P. French III. He died at Glacier Hills Nursing Center at the age of 82.
Peltier–Seebeck effect (thermoelectric effect) (electricity) (HVAC) (physical phenomena) (thermodynamics) Peltzman effect (economics of regulation) (University of Chicago) Penn effect (economics effects) Petkau effect (radiobiology) Phaser (effect) (audio effects) (effects units) Phillips effect (employment) (inflation)
Ambiguity effect; Assembly bonus effect; Audience effect; Baader–Meinhof effect; Barnum effect; Bezold effect; Birthday-number effect; Boomerang effect; Bouba/kiki effect; Bystander effect; Cheerleader effect; Cinderella effect; Cocktail party effect; Contrast effect; Coolidge effect; Crespi effect; Cross-race effect; Curse of knowledge ...
Like the observer-expectancy effect, it is often a cause of "odd" results in many experiments. The subject-expectancy effect is most commonly found in medicine , where it can result in the subject experiencing the placebo effect or nocebo effect , depending on how the influence pans out.
The observer-expectancy effect [a] is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and ...