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In between the Rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season. Some of the crops produced during Zaid season are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane(doesn’t require the need to fall into any season like rabi,etc. to be sown) takes almost a year to grow.
Kharif crops are usually sown at the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November). Monsoon sowing dates vary, occurring toward the end of May in the southern state of Kerala and reaching July in some north Indian states.
Good rain in winter spoils rabi crops but is good for kharif crops. The major rabi crop in India is wheat, followed by barley, mustard, sesame and peas. Peas are harvested early, as they are ready early: Indian markets are flooded with green peas from January to March, peaking in February. Many crops are cultivated in both kharif and rabi seasons.
The zaid harvest is a comparatively minor one — in 1980–1981, zaid croplands covered an area of just 8,223 hectares, compared to almost 200,000 hectares for the kharif and rabi crops. [5] The main zaid crop is sanwan ( Panicum miliaceum ), a small-grained millet that grows fast and prefers stiffer soils. [ 4 ]
There are three harvests, called by the typical Hindustani names of rabi, kharif, and zaid. [1] [3] Rabi is the springtime harvest, Kharif is the autumn harvest, and Zaid is the hot-weather harvest. [3] The most important of the three harvests is kharif, which historically has always involved larger areas of cultivation than Rabi. [3]
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