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  2. Anaerobic glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_glycolysis

    Fates of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions: Pyruvate is the terminal electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation. When sufficient oxygen is not present in the muscle cells for further oxidation of pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by reduction of pyruvate to lactate. [4] Lactate is converted to pyruvate ...

  3. Glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

    Importantly, under low-oxygen (anaerobic) conditions, glycolysis is the only biochemical pathway in eukaryotes that can generate ATP, and, for many anaerobic respiring organisms the most important producer of ATP. [7] Therefore, many organisms have evolved fermentation pathways to recycle NAD + to continue glycolysis to produce ATP for survival.

  4. Obligate anaerobe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligate_anaerobe

    Obligate anaerobes convert nutrients into energy through anaerobic respiration or fermentation. In aerobic respiration, the pyruvate generated from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA. This is then broken down via the TCA cycle and electron transport chain.

  5. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Without oxygen, pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is not metabolized by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported into the mitochondrion but remains in the cytoplasm, where it is converted to waste products that may be removed from the cell. This serves the purpose of oxidizing the electron carriers so ...

  6. Carbohydrate catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism

    The location where glycolysis, aerobic or anaerobic, occurs is in the cytosol of the cell. In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is split into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. These carbon molecules are oxidized into NADH and ATP. For the glucose molecule to oxidize into pyruvate, an input of ATP molecules is required.

  7. Lactic acid fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation

    It is an anaerobic fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells, such as muscle cells. [1] [2] [3] [page needed] If oxygen is present in the cell, many organisms will bypass fermentation and undergo cellular respiration; however, facultative anaerobic organisms will both ferment and undergo respiration in the presence of ...

  8. Cellular waste product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_waste_product

    Anaerobic respiration is done by aerobic organisms when there is not sufficient oxygen in a cell to undergo aerobic respiration as well as by cells called anaerobes that selectively perform anaerobic respiration even in the presence of oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, weak oxidants like sulfate and nitrate serve as oxidants in the place of ...

  9. Anaerobic respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_respiration

    Anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP in very different ways, and the terms should not be treated as synonyms. Cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic) uses highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and FADH 2 (for example produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) to establish an electrochemical gradient (often a proton gradient) across a membrane.