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A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. Fuel cells differ from batteries in that they are designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed. This is a partial list of companies currently producing commercially available fuel cell systems for use in residential, commercial, or industrial settings.
The 2005 FCX was the second-generation fuel-cell vehicle (FCV) from Honda. It was Honda's first fuel-cell vehicle powered by a fuel-cell stack designed and manufactured by Honda, and was certified by both the EPA and CARB for commercial use. It had an EPA city/highway rating of 62/51 mpkg (57 mpkg combined).
Chemical manufacturers have developed a low odor version of mineral turpentine which contains less of the highly volatile shorter hydrocarbons. [9] Odorless mineral spirits is white spirit that has been further refined to remove the more toxic aromatic compounds , and is recommended for applications such as oil painting, where humans have close ...
Toyota FCHV-4 SUV circa 2007. Toyota FCHV-adv SUV at the 2010 Washington Auto Show.. The Toyota FCHV is a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle development programme of the Toyota Motor Corporation, which was leased to a limited number of drivers in the United States [1] and Japan beginning in 2002. [2]
Typically the HT-PEM fuel cell system is used in hybrid operation with a battery. HT-PEM fuel cell systems fueled with natural gas are also used for combined heat and power (CHP) applications in buildings. Manufacturers of fuel cell systems containing HT-PEM fuel cell technology: Advent Technologies (USA) Blue World Technologies (Denmark) [18] [19]
A type of fuel cell in which the electrolyte consists of concentrated phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4). Protons (H+) are transported from the anode to the cathode. The operating temperature range is generally 160–220 °C. [57] Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) A fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer membrane used as its electrolyte.
A commercially working cell in Japan called Eni-Farm is supported by the regional government, using natural gas to power up the fuel cell that then produces electricity and heated water. In 2013, 64% of global sales of the micro-combined heat and power fuel cell passed the conventional mechanical rotary systems in sales in 2012.
The Toyota Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle-Advanced (FCHV-adv) is a fuel cell vehicle based on the first generation Toyota FCHV.. The proposed FCHV-adv uses four hydrogen fuel tanks, which store high-pressure compressed hydrogen at up to 70 MPa (10,153 psi/700 bar) and feed it into a fuel stack to produce electricity via a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.