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Azygos (impar), from the Greek άζυξ, refers to an anatomical structure that is unpaired. This is relatively unusual, as most elements of anatomy reflect bilateral ...
Azygos lobe on chest X-ray. Arrowheads show the delineation of the lobe. Arrow points to the azygos vein. In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. [1] It is seen in 0.3% of the population. [2]
The "arch of the azygos vein" (arcus venae azygos) is an important anatomic landmark. As an anatomical variation in 1–2% of the population, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung. The origin and anatomical course of the azygos vein are quite variable.
The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; . the right ends in the inferior vena cava;; the left is often represented by two branches,
Bilaterally, the internal thoracic vein arises from the superior epigastric vein, and accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course. [1] It drains the intercostal veins, although the posterior drainage is often handled by the azygous veins. [1]
The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein, when taken together, essentially serve as the left-sided equivalent of the azygos vein. [2] That is, the azygos vein serves to drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body, and the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the body. [2]
Esophageal varices seven days after banding, showing ulceration at the site of banding. The upper two thirds of the esophagus are drained via the esophageal veins, which carry deoxygenated blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein, which in turn drains directly into the superior vena cava.
Below, the two pelvic sympathetic trunks converge, and end on the front of the coccyx in a small ganglion, the ganglion impar, also known as azygos [1] or ganglion of Walther. Clinical significance [ edit ]