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Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
Plane-form enamel hypoplasia is a dental condition that is distinguished by defects in the teeth enamel, that can occur due to genetic or environmental factors. It is common for the disease to occur during the developmental stages of the teeth, and childhood illnesses, such as respiratory infections, are often linked to disturbance of the enamel formation [5] [6].
Anodontia is the congenital absence of teeth and can occur in some or all teeth; whereas partial anodontia (or hypodontia), involves two dentitions or only teeth of the permanent dentition (Dorland's 1998). Approximately 1% of the population has oligodontia. [1]
] It is the most common type of enamel hypoplasia reported in clinical and archaeological samples, with other types including plane-form enamel hypoplasia and pitting enamel hypoplasia. [12] Linear enamel hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, from genetic conditions to malnutrition and illnesses during childhood.
Sometimes, only a couple of ameloblasts stop forming enamel, leading to small PEH defects, with large pits forming when hundreds of these enamel-forming cells stop production. [6] This does not occur in other forms of enamel hypoplasia, such as linear and plane-form, in which all ameloblast activity is affected. [4]
This condition can be genetically-linked and in severe cases, may present themselves in the form of ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip or palate or Down Syndrome. [1] A delay in tooth development may also serve as an indication, whereby the absence of an adult successor slows down the normal resorption of the roots of the baby teeth, which is the ...
Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a type of enamel defect affecting, as the name suggests, the first molars and incisors in the permanent dentition. [1] MIH is considered a worldwide problem with a global prevalence of 12.9% and is usually identified in children under 10 years old. [2]
Tooth wear refers to loss of tooth substance by means other than dental caries. [1] Tooth wear is a very common condition that occurs in approximately 97% of the population. [ 2 ] This is a normal physiological process occurring throughout life; but with increasing lifespan of individuals and increasing retention of teeth for life, the ...