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  2. Intrusive rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusive_rock

    Intrusion is one of the two ways igneous rock can form. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock, formed above the surface of the crust.

  3. Igneous intrusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_intrusion

    The term pluton is poorly defined, [12] but has been used to describe an intrusion emplaced at great depth; [13] as a synonym for all igneous intrusions; [14] as a dustbin category for intrusions whose size or character are not well determined; [15] or as a name for a very large intrusion [16] or for a crystallized magma chamber. [17]

  4. Sill (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_(geology)

    In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. A sill is a concordant intrusive sheet, meaning that it does not cut across preexisting rock beds.

  5. Dike (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(geology)

    A feeder dike is a dike that acted as a conduit for magma moving from a magma chamber to a localized intrusion. For example, the Muskox intrusion in arctic Canada was fed by a large dike, with a thickness of 150 meters. [10] A sole injection is a dike injected along a thrust fault plane, where rock beds were fractured and thrust up over younger ...

  6. Relative dating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_dating

    Relative dating is the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age (i.e., estimated age).

  7. Stock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_(geology)

    A stock of nordmarkite (quartz-alkali syenite) of Triassic age, in the Gevanim Valley, Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel.. In geology, a stock is an igneous intrusion that has a surface exposure of less than 100 square kilometres (40 sq mi), [1] [2] differing from batholiths only in being smaller.

  8. Laccolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccolith

    A laccolith is a type of igneous intrusion, formed when magma forces its way upwards through the Earth's crust but cools and solidifies before reaching the surface. . Laccoliths are distinguished from other igneous intrusions by their dome-shaped upper surface and l

  9. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The three major classes of metamorphic rock are based upon the formation mechanism. An intrusion of magma that heats the surrounding rock causes contact metamorphism—a temperature-dominated transformation. Pressure metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deep under the ground; pressure is dominant, and temperature plays a smaller role.