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  2. Recursion (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)

    Recursion that contains only a single self-reference is known as single recursion, while recursion that contains multiple self-references is known as multiple recursion. Standard examples of single recursion include list traversal, such as in a linear search, or computing the factorial function, while standard examples of multiple recursion ...

  3. Mutual recursion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion

    In mathematics and computer science, mutual recursion is a form of recursion where two mathematical or computational objects, such as functions or datatypes, are defined in terms of each other. [1] Mutual recursion is very common in functional programming and in some problem domains, such as recursive descent parsers, where the datatypes are ...

  4. Curiously recurring template pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring...

    The curiously recurring template pattern (CRTP) is an idiom, originally in C++, in which a class X derives from a class template instantiation using X itself as a template argument. [1] More generally it is known as F-bound polymorphism , and it is a form of F -bounded quantification .

  5. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  6. Recursion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion

    Fib(1) = 1 as base case 2, For all integers n > 1, Fib(n) = Fib(n − 1) + Fib(n − 2). Many mathematical axioms are based upon recursive rules. For example, the formal definition of the natural numbers by the Peano axioms can be described as: "Zero is a natural number, and each natural number has a successor, which is also a natural number ...

  7. Recursive data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive_data_type

    Data types can also be defined by mutual recursion. The most important basic example of this is a tree, which can be defined mutually recursively in terms of a forest (a list of trees). Symbolically: f: [t[1], ..., t[k]] t: v f A forest f consists of a list of trees, while a tree t consists of a pair of a value v and a forest f (its children ...

  8. Primitive recursive function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_recursive_function

    For example, addition and division, the factorial and exponential function, and the function which returns the nth prime are all primitive recursive. [1] In fact, for showing that a computable function is primitive recursive, it suffices to show that its time complexity is bounded above by a primitive recursive function of the input size. [ 2 ]

  9. Function (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(computer...

    Incidentally, a similar method was used by Lotus 1-2-3, in the early 1980s, ... Here is an example of a recursive function in C/C++ to find Fibonacci numbers: