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Pachychoroid disorders of the macula represent a group of diseases affecting the central part of the retina of the eye, the macula. Due to thickening and congestion of the highly vascularized layer underneath the macula, the choroid , damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and the retinal photoreceptor cells ensues.
This is a shortened version of the sixth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs.It covers ICD codes 320 to 389.The full chapter can be found on pages 215 to 258 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a member of a group of genetic disorders called inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) that cause loss of vision. [1] Symptoms include trouble seeing at night and decreasing peripheral vision (side and upper or lower visual field). [1]
Retinal detachment: Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium (H35.8) Other specified retinal disorders (H35.81) Macular edema — distorted central vision, due to a swollen macula (H35.9) Retinal disorder, unspecified [1]
There are two types of the disease: retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Both conditions result in the swelling and damage to the retina. However, the key difference is that RP is a genetic problem inherited from one or both of parents. On the other hand, CMVR develops from a viral infection in the retina.
The pathogenesis of cone dystrophy has yet to be elucidated. It appears that the dystrophy is primary, since subjective and objective abnormalities of cone function are found before ophthalmoscopic changes can be seen. However, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) rapidly becomes involved, leading to a retinal dystrophy primarily involving the ...
Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. [1] [2] It is an inheritable classical Mendelian type X-linked recessive disorder wherein the retinal pigment epithelium lacks pigment while hair and skin appear normal.
The fundus presents with yellow or gray lesions (white dots) at the level of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium. The size of the white dots are between 50 and 500 micrometres and localized in the macula. The disease is characterized by vitritis and anterior chamber inflammation. Decreased vision due to vitreous inflammation may occur.