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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals. As such, VAP typically affects critically ill persons that are in an intensive care unit (ICU) and have been on a mechanical ventilator for at least 48 hours.
In patients at imminent risk of aspiration, tracheal intubation by a trained health professional provides the best protection. A simpler intervention that can be implemented is to lay the patient on their side in the recovery position (as taught in first aid and CPR classes), so that any vomitus produced by the patient will drain out their ...
Intubation with a cuffed tube is thought to provide the best protection against aspiration. Downside of tracheal tubes is the pain and coughing that follows. Therefore, unless a patient is unconscious or anesthetized, sedative drugs are usually given to provide tolerance of the tube.
Also increased pneumonia risk exists in patients with esophageal dysphagia when compared to stroke patients because patients with stroke will improve as they recover from their acute injury, whereas esophageal dysphagia is likely to worsen with time. In one cohort of aspiration pneumonia patients, overall three-year mortality was 40%. [16]
Unplanned extubation can increase the amount of time a patient must remain on mechanical ventilation, the duration of the patient's hospital stay, and the patient's medical costs. It is also estimated that 60% of patients who experience an unplanned extubation require re-intubation, which may increase the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia .
Ventilators may be computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine , home care , and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine ).
Mary Lou Retton is telling her story of recovery following a life-threating battle with a rare form of pneumonia.The former Olympic gymnast sat down with Today's Hoda Kotb to speak out publicly ...
[24] [139] In the elderly or people with other lung problems, recovery may take more than 12 weeks. In persons requiring hospitalization, mortality may be as high as 10%, and in those requiring intensive care it may reach 30–50%. [24] Pneumonia is the most common hospital-acquired infection that causes death. [29]
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