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  2. Anammox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anammox

    In microbial nitrogen metabolism, the occurrence of hydrazine as an intermediate is rare. [36] Hydrazine has been proposed as an enzyme-bound intermediate in the nitrogenase reaction. [37] Recently, using detailed molecular analyses and combining complementary methods, Kartal and coworkers published strong evidence supporting the latter mechanism.

  3. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissimilatory_nitrate...

    Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is a two step process, reducing NO 3 − to NO 2 − then NO 2 − to NH 4 +, though the reaction may begin with NO 2 − directly. [1] Each step is mediated by a different enzyme, the first step of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is usually mediated by a periplasmic nitrate reductase.

  4. Glutamine synthetase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine_synthetase

    Glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) [3] is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine: Glutamate + ATP + NH 3 → Glutamine + ADP + phosphate Glutamine synthetase catalyzed reaction

  5. Hypothetical types of biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of...

    Isaac Asimov, the biochemist and science fiction writer, suggested in 1981 that poly-lipids could form a substitute for proteins in a non-polar solvent such as methane. [51] Lakes composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons, including methane and ethane, have been detected on the surface of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft.

  6. Secondary metabolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite

    Plants are capable of producing and synthesizing diverse groups of organic compounds and are divided into two major groups: primary and secondary metabolites. [9] Secondary metabolites are metabolic intermediates or products which are not essential to growth and life of the producing plants but rather required for interaction of plants with their environment and produced in response to stress.

  7. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    A large fraction of the chemical elements that occur naturally on the Earth's surface are essential to the structure and metabolism of living things. Four of these elements (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) are essential to every living thing and collectively make up 99% of the mass of protoplasm. [1]

  8. Nitrifying bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrifying_bacteria

    Recent results, however, show that HAO does not produce nitrite as a direct product of catalysis. This enzyme instead produces nitric oxide and three electrons. Nitric oxide can then be oxidized by other enzymes (or oxygen) to nitrite. In this paradigm, the electron balance for overall metabolism needs to be reconsidered. [7]

  9. Biological functions of nitric oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_functions_of...

    Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of N O. In mammals including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes. [1] It is a powerful vasodilator with a half-life of a few seconds in the blood.