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Film studios have pressured the MPAA to retire the NC-17 rating, because of its likely impact on their film's box office revenue. [81] [82] In 2010, the MPAA controversially decided to give the film Blue Valentine an NC-17 rating. The Weinstein Company challenged this decision, and the MPAA ended up awarding the same cut an R rating on appeal.
A certificate will be granted from the following: TP (Tous publics) – Certificate authorising the screening of the film to all members of the public.-12 – Certificate prohibiting the screening of the film to minors under 12.-16 – Certificate prohibiting the screening of the film to minors under 16.
Rated NC-17 for strong, graphic sexuality; kept rating after the MPAA upheld an appeal to overturn it. [46] In the Cold of the Night: 1990 Rated NC-17 in 1990. Edited version rated R in 1990. [47] In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no Korīda) 1976 Rated X in 1976, changed rating symbol in 1991. Rating symbol changed from X. [48] Inserts: 1975
The MPAA's member companies remained intact until the 2019 acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, including 20th Century Fox. [80] [81] Netflix was approved as a new member in January 2019, making it the first non-studio and the first streaming service to be part of the organization. The addition of Netflix also helped to maintain the ...
The MPAA reluctantly granted the seal of approval for these films, although not until certain changes were made. [75] [76] Owing to its themes, Billy Wilder's Some Like It Hot (1959) was not granted a certificate of approval, but still became a box office smash, and as a result, it further weakened the authority of the Code. [77]
The following is a list of R-rated animated films that have surpassed $1 million at the box office; TV-MA-rated, the television equivalent of the Motion Picture Association R-rating, is also included on the list.
On February 29, 1996, all segments of the entertainment industry, led by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), joined and voluntarily pledged to create such a system. They agreed that the guidelines would be applied by ...
The Pawnbroker was the first film since pre-Code era featuring bare breasts to receive Production Code approval. In his 2008 study of films during that era, Pictures at a Revolution, author Mark Harris wrote that the MPAA's action was "the first of a series of injuries to the Production Code that would prove fatal within three years." [13]