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Illustration of a melanocyte Micrograph of melanocytes in the epidermis. Through a process called melanogenesis, melanocytes produce melanin, which is a pigment found in the skin, eyes, hair, nasal cavity, and inner ear.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis . Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair.
Poikiloderma is a skin condition that consists of areas of hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasias and atrophy. Poikiloderma of Civatte is most frequently seen on the chest or the neck, characterized by red colored pigment on the skin that is commonly associated with sun damage. [1]
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, [1] are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments.
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin.
Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. [2] Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. [9] Noonan syndrome
Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei, [1]: 854 or the mask of pregnancy [2] when present in pregnant women) is a tan or dark skin discoloration.Melasma is thought to be caused by sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormone changes, and skin irritation. [3]
Hemosiderin hyperpigmentation is pigmentation due to deposits of hemosiderin, and occurs in purpura, haemochromatosis, hemorrhagic diseases, and stasis dermatitis.