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Corporation tax in the United Kingdom is a corporate tax levied in on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK. Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same income tax rates as individual taxpayers, with an additional profits tax levied on companies.
HMRC give details on how to distinguish between the two categories on their website [2] and in their CIRD manual. [3] Further detail can also be found in section 1308 of Corporation Tax Act 2009 [4] (which in turn updated section 53 of Finance Act 2004) [5] in relation to the revenue treatment of capitalised costs which relate to intangible assets.
The Corporation Tax Act 2009 (c 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It restated certain legislation relating to corporation tax , with minor changes that were mainly intended "to clarify existing provisions, make them consistent or bring the law into line with well established practice."
Companies pay Corporation Tax at 19% (2018 figure [24]), whilst individuals pay tax at 20%, 40% or 45%. Please note as it is an allowance against taxable profit, you have to be a tax payer to benefit, therefore this does not normally apply to property owned in SIPPS or by charities and trusts.
Similar approaches to treating corporate "groups" or a "concern" as single economic entities exist in many continental European jurisdictions. This is done for tax and accounting purposes in English law, however for general civil liability broadly the rule still followed is that in Adams v Cape Industries plc.
For corporation tax purposes, the Schedular system was repealed and superseded by the Corporation Tax Acts of 2009 and 2010. The highest rate of income tax peaked in the Second World War at 99.25%. This was slightly reduced after the war and was around 97.5 per cent (nineteen shillings and sixpence in the pound) through the 1950s and 1960s. [10]
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs, or HMRC) [4] [5] is a non-ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.
Since the enactment of 2010's Corporation Tax Act (CTA 2010) in March 2010, the profits of a company of an accounting period on which corporation tax is chargeable has been defined as the company's "taxable total profits" of the period (section 4(2) CTA 2010), which is frequently abbreviated to TTP.