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Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
Nitazoxanide is an effective first-line treatment for infection by Blastocystis species [11] [12] and is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent adults and children. [1]
Blastocystis cysts have been shown to be resistant to chlorination as a treatment method [42] and are among the most resistant cysts to ozone treatment. [ 43 ] Contaminated Food : Contamination of leafy vegetables has been implicated as a potential source for transmission of Blastocystis infection, as well as other gastrointestinal protozoa. [ 44 ]
Blastocystis has low host specificity, and many different species of Blastocystis can infect humans, [3] and by current convention, any of these species would be identified as Blastocystis hominis. Blastocystis is one of the most common human parasites in the world and has a global distribution.
Endolimax is a genus of amoebozoa [1] that are found in the intestines of various animals, including the species E. nana found in humans. Originally thought to be non-pathogenic, studies suggest it can cause intermittent or chronic diarrhea.
Protozoal infections can cause symptoms that mirror specific IBS subtypes, [51] e.g., infection by certain substypes of Blastocystis hominis (blastocystosis). [52] [53] Many people regard these organisms as incidental findings, and unrelated to symptoms of IBS.
Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei) Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness) Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas) Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia lamblia) Miltefosine (for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for ...
Blastocystis is a single-celled protozoan which infects the large intestine. Physicians report that patients with infection show symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. [54] [55] [56] One study found that 43% of IBS patients were infected with Blastocystis versus 7% of controls. [49]