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Humans contract Blastocystis infection by drinking water or eating food contaminated with feces from an infected human or animal. [29] Blastocystis infection can be spread from animals to humans, from humans to other humans, from humans to animals, and from animals to animals. [30] [31] Risk factors for infection have been reported as following:
Blastocystis has low host specificity, and many different species of Blastocystis can infect humans, [3] and by current convention, any of these species would be identified as Blastocystis hominis. Blastocystis is one of the most common human parasites in the world and has a global distribution.
Nitazoxanide is an effective first-line treatment for infection by Blastocystis species [11] [12] and is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent adults and children. [1]
Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
ingestion of cyst, zoonotic infection acquired from pigs (feces) Blastocystosis: Blastocystis spp. intestinal direct microscopy of stool (PCR, antibody) • worldwide: one of the most common human parasites [1] [2] • Developing regions: infects 40–100% of the total populations [1] [2] [3]
Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei) Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness) Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas) Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia lamblia) Miltefosine (for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for ...
Thus patients with chronic symptomatic Blastocystis hominis infection due to pathogenic subtypes experience day-to-days changes in their symptoms because of the organisms’ shedding behavior. In addition, clinical and experimental studies have shown that these subtypes have the potential to modulate the host immune response.
In the majority of immunocompetent individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole. No Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus: Hookworm infection Under research [18] Human bocavirus (HBoV) Human bocavirus infection No