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Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), or rustless steel, is an iron-based alloy containing a minimum level of chromium that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the 10.5% or more chromium content, which forms a passive film that can protect the material ...
Rust scale forming and flaking off from a steel bar heated to its forging temperature of 1200°C. Rapid oxidation occurs when heated steel is exposed to air. Rust is a general name for a complex of oxides and hydroxides of iron, [4] which occur when iron or some alloys that contain iron are exposed to oxygen and moisture for a long period of ...
Ferritic stainless steel alloys are designated as part of the 400-series of stainless steels in the SAE steel grades numbering system. By comparison with austenitic stainless steels, these are less hardenable by cold working and less weldable, but more cost-effective due to the lower nickel content.
In general: the higher PREN-value, the more resistant is the stainless steel to localized pitting corrosion by chloride. PREN is frequently specified when stainless steels will be exposed to seawater or other high chloride solutions. In some instances stainless steels with PREN-values > 32 may provide useful resistance to pitting corrosion in ...
Stainless steel can pose special corrosion challenges, since its passivating behavior relies on the presence of a major alloying component (chromium, at least 11.5%). Because of the elevated temperatures of welding and heat treatment, chromium carbides can form in the grain boundaries of stainless alloys.
Duplex steels also have higher strength. For example, a Type 304 stainless steel has a 0.2% proof strength in the region of 280 MPa (41 ksi), a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel a minimum 0.2% proof strength of some 450 MPa (65 ksi) and a superduplex grade a minimum of 550 MPa (80 ksi). [6]
Type 310 310S— is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for high temperature application. The high chromium and nickel content give the steel excellent oxidation resistance as well as high strength at high temperature. This grade is also very ductile, and has good weldability enabling its widespread usage in many applications. [7]
Black oxide or blackening is a conversion coating for ferrous materials, stainless steel, copper and copper based alloys, zinc, powdered metals, and silver solder. [1] It is used to add mild corrosion resistance, for appearance, and to minimize light reflection. [ 2 ]