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Constituent amino-acids can be analyzed to predict secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure. This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction.
BASys (Bacterial Annotation System) is a tool for automated annotation of bacterial genomic (chromosomal and plasmid) sequences including gene/protein names, GO functions, COG functions, possible paralogues and orthologues, molecular weights, isoelectric points, operon structures, subcellular localization, signal peptides, transmembrane regions ...
Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) is a biological database that is used in the identification and analysis of protein domains within protein sequences. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] SMART uses profile-hidden Markov models built from multiple sequence alignments to detect protein domains in protein sequences.
A transmembrane domain (TMD, TM domain) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel.Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues.
ABC transporter transmembrane domain is the main transmembrane structural unit of ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, consisting of six alpha helixes that traverse the plasma membrane. Many members of the ABC transporter family ( Pfam PF00005 ) have two such regions.
A step called domain parsing, or domain boundary prediction, is usually done first to split a protein into potential structural domains. As with the rest of tertiary structure prediction, this can be done comparatively from known structures [ 32 ] or ab initio with the sequence only (usually by machine learning , assisted by covariation). [ 33 ]
Schematic representation of transmembrane proteins: 1) a single-pass membrane protein 2) a multipass membrane protein (α-helix) 3) a multipass membrane protein β-sheet. The membrane is represented in light yellow. A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane.
Orientations of Proteins in Membranes; Content; Description: The database provides spatial arrangement of proteins in the lipid bilayer: Data types captured: Protein structures from the PDB