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The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Jews from the Iberian Peninsula fleeing persecution (see Alhambra Decree). By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world, with 150,000 compared to Poland's and non-Ottoman Ukraine's combined figure of 75,000. [2] [3]
Ashkenazi Jews continued to settle in Istanbul in the 15th, 16th, 17th, [3] and 20th centuries, and despite forming only 5.9% of all Jews in the city in 1608, they were slow to assimilate among the Sephardi Jews, who came to form the majority of Jews in Istanbul by 1688. [3] In this period, there were many Jews who entered the Ottoman court. [4]
This category includes Jews who were born in or were active within the Ottoman Empire (1300-1923). Ottoman Jews were of a variety of origins and observances, including Sephardi, Mizrahi, Romaniote, Karaite, and others.
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This influx played a pivotal role in shaping the predominant identity of Ottoman Jews. [6] By the end of the sixteenth century, the Jewish population in the Ottoman Empire was double (150,000) that of Jews in Poland and Ukraine combined (75,000), far surpassing other Jewish communities to be the largest in the world.
In December they expelled up to 6,000 Russian citizens who resided in Jaffa (all were Jewish). [10] They were resettled in Alexandria, Egypt. [11] The Ottoman Empire issued forcible draft of its population into the army, demanding non-citizens (including Jews) to either take Ottoman citizenship before 15 May 1915 or be expelled from the region.
Many of the immigrant Jews were elderly and had immigrated to die in the Holy Land, whereas most in the Old Yishuv had lived for centuries in the four Holy cities of Safed, Hebron, Jerusalem, and Tiberias. These Jews were devoted to prayer and the study of Torah, Talmud, or Kabbalah, and had no independent
Jews in Ottoman Palestine under the Ottoman Empire from 1516 to 1917. See related article Old Yishuv. For Jews of the rest of the Ottoman Empire, notably Constantinople and Selanik (Thessaloniki), see Category:Jews from the Ottoman Empire