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Ianalumab (INN; [1] development code VAY736) is a monoclonal antibody that is being investigated for autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. [2] [3] [4] This drug is being developed by Novartis. In 2021 ianalumab was undergoing Phase II/III trials.
Lupus nephritis commonly leads patients to chronic kidney failure and therefore places an emphasis on early intervention for improving treatment outcomes. It is a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. The management of lupus nephritis comprises immunosuppressive therapy to lessen inflammation and ...
The proliferative forms of lupus nephritis are associated with a higher risk of progression to end stage kidney disease. [21] Black and Hispanic people with lupus nephritis are more likely to present with severe disease at initial presentation (with more proteinuria and more extensive histopathologic changes) and progress to end stage kidney ...
It is approved in the United States [8] and Canada, [9] and the European Union [5] to treat systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. [ 10 ] The most common side effects include bacterial infections, such as bronchitis (infection in the lungs) and infection of the urinary tract (structures that produce or carry urine), diarrhea and ...
Titres are monitored more often in cases of more active lupus than that of less active lupus at intervals of 1–3 months and 6–12 months, respectively. [ 1 ] Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly associated with glomerulonephritis in SLE, although some patients with high titers of anti-dsDNA antibodies do not develop renal disease.
Furthermore, anti-histone antibodies can also be positive in drug-induced lupus. [citation needed] Anti-Histone antibodies are positive in up to 95% of patients with drug induced lupus. The most common medications associated with drug induced lupus are hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, chlorpromazine, quinidine, and minocycline. [9]
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation. It often occurs in the glomerulus , where it is called glomerulonephritis . Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the ...