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The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud. The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.
After inducing the metanephric mesenchyme the lower portions of the nephric duct will migrate caudally (downward) and connect with the bladder, thereby forming the ureters. The ureters will carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder for excretion from the fetus into the amniotic sac .
Schematic representation of nephrogenesis during embryologic development following induction of cap mesenchyme by the ureteric bud. [ 169 ] The metanephros develops from the ureteric bud , which is an outgrowth on the caudal part of the nephric duct , [ 170 ] [ 171 ] and the metanephrogenic blastema , which is part of the intermediate mesoderm ...
Intermediate mesoderm or intermediate mesenchyme is a narrow section of the mesoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate of the developing embryo. [1] The intermediate mesoderm develops into vital parts of the urogenital system (kidneys, gonads and respective tracts).
The ureteric bud, also known as the metanephric diverticulum, [1]: 50 is a protrusion from the mesonephric duct during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It later develops into a conduit for urine drainage from the kidneys, which, in contrast, originate from the metanephric blastema .
With renal agenesis, the ureteric bud fails to induce development of the metanephric blastema, and so either one or both kidneys don’t develop. Although not completely known, it’s thought that this is a result of a combination of genetic as well as in utero environmental factors such as toxins and infections.
The mechanism of multicystic dysplastic kidney is a result of an abnormal induction of metanephric mesenchyme. This could be a result of a formation difficulty of the mesonephric duct . Some mutations in genes associated with renal dysplasia (in syndromes) have been determined.
The mesonephros acts as a structure similar to the kidney that, in humans, functions between the sixth and tenth weeks of embryological life. Despite the similarity in structure, function, and terminology, however, the mesonephric nephrons do not form any part of the mature kidney or nephrons.