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Caspase-1 therefore plays a fundamental role in the innate immune system. The enzyme is responsible for processing cytokines such as pro-ILβ and pro-IL18, as well as secreting them. [22] Caspase-4 and -5 in humans, and Caspase-11 in mice have a unique role as a receptor, whereby it binds to LPS, a molecule abundant in gram negative bacteria ...
A very rare genetic disorder of the immune system can also be caused by mutations in this gene. This disease, called CEDS, stands for “ Caspase eight deficiency state .” CEDS has features similar to ALPS , another genetic disease of apoptosis , with the addition of an immunodeficient phenotype.
Caspase-9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP9 gene.It is an initiator caspase, [5] critical to the apoptotic pathway found in many tissues. [6] Caspase-9 homologs have been identified in all mammals for which they are known to exist, such as Mus musculus and Pan troglodytes.
Degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. It occurs in response to various apoptotic stimuli in a wide variety of cell types. Molecular characterization of this process identified a specific DNase (CAD, caspase-activated DNase) that cleaves chromosomal DNA in a caspase-dependent manner.
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. [5] [6] [7] It breaks up the DNA during apoptosis and promotes cell differentiation. It is usually an inactive monomer inhibited by ICAD.
Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. [8] Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein is processed by caspases 7, 8 and 10, and is ...
Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing by upstream caspases (caspase-8, -9) at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme in the form of a ...
Caspase-2 is an important enzyme in the cysteine aspartate protease family, known as caspases, which are central to the regulation of apoptosis and, in certain cases, inflammation. While many caspases are mainly involved in the initiation and execution of cell death, caspase-2 has a broader range of functions.