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The list includes general SEZs and the more specific free trade zones and free ports, managed either by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority or held privately. As of April 30, 2016, there were 345 operating economic zones throughout the Philippines. [1]
Bodies of water are public property, and their use requires local government approval. [7] Under the Fisheries Code, while public water bodies can be leased for use, they cannot be sold. Only 10% of the surface area can be used for aquaculture. [31] Fish ponds can be under 25-year leases from BFAR, shorter leases, or on private property.
Agricultural water management in the Philippines is primarily focused on irrigation. The country has 3.126 million hectares of irrigable land, 50% (1.567 million hectares) of which already has irrigation facilities. 50% of irrigated areas are developed and operated by the government through the National Irrigation System (NIS). 36% is developed by the government and operated by irrigators ...
The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System [1] (Tagalog: Pangasiwaan ng Tubig at Alkantarilya sa Kalakhang Maynila), [5] formerly known as the National Waterworks and Sewerage System Authority (NAWASA), is the government agency that is in charge of water privatization in Metro Manila and nearby provinces of Cavite and Rizal in the Philippines.
Economic theory suggests that trade in water rights is a way to reallocate water from less to more economically productive activities. [15] Water rights based on prior appropriation – first in time, first in right – led to inefficient water allocation and other inefficiencies, like overuse of land and less adoption of water conservation technologies. [16]
Manila Water's rate of return in its bid was only 5.2 percent. On that basis it submitted a very low tariff that allowed it to win the concession. In 2001, Manila Water succeeded in having its rate of return increased to 9.3 percent after international arbitration.
The New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project was a water project proposed by the Philippine Government in 2012, whose main component was the construction of the Kaliwa Low Dam in Tanay, Rizal, as well as a water supply tunnel, and the attendant infrastructure for these structures. [15]
International trade and water is the relationship between international trade and the water being used by humans. The substantial increase in human population during the 20th century combined with rapid increases in overall global economic development has resulted in rising challenges for the future of public water management.