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In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a periodic graph with respect to an operator F on graphs is one for which there exists an integer n > 0 such that F n (G) is isomorphic to G. [1] For example, every graph is periodic with respect to the complementation operator , whereas only complete graphs are periodic with respect to the operator ...
A Euclidean graph (a graph embedded in some Euclidean space) is periodic if there exists a basis of that Euclidean space whose corresponding translations induce symmetries of that graph (i.e., application of any such translation to the graph embedded in the Euclidean space leaves the graph unchanged). Equivalently, a periodic Euclidean graph is ...
In crystallography, a periodic graph or crystal net is a three-dimensional periodic graph, i.e., a three-dimensional Euclidean graph whose vertices or nodes are points in three-dimensional Euclidean space, and whose edges (or bonds or spacers) are line segments connecting pairs of vertices, periodic in three linearly independent axial directions.
Periodic graph may refer to: Periodic graph (crystallography) or crystal net, a Euclidean graph representing the atomic or molecular structure of a crystal; Periodic graph (geometry), a Euclidean graph preserved under a lattice of translations; Periodic graph (graph theory), a graph that is periodic with respect to a graph theoretic operator
A chart (sometimes known as a graph) is a graphical representation for data visualization, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart". [1] A chart can represent tabular numeric data, functions or some kinds of quality structure and provides different info.
The Fourier series of a periodic even function includes only cosine terms. The Fourier series of a periodic odd function includes only sine terms. The Fourier transform of a purely real-valued even function is real and even. (see Fourier analysis § Symmetry properties) The Fourier transform of a purely real-valued odd function is imaginary and ...
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A reaction network is a chemical system involving multiple reactions and chemical species. The simplest stochastic models of such networks treat the system as a continuous time Markov chain with the state being the number of molecules of each species and with reactions modeled as possible transitions of the chain. [69]