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  2. Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_of_the_Triumph_of...

    The medium and materials used to paint the icon were of ritualistic significance. [5] The usage of gold leaf in Byzantine artwork is indicative that the work is meant to be divine and spiritual. [14] The icon was created by incorporating egg tempera on gold leaf over a wooden panel. [4] The wood panel then is covered with gesso and linen. [4] [5]

  3. Byzantine Iconoclasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm

    Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...

  4. Council of Constantinople (843) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople...

    In 829, Theophilos became the sole emperor and began an intensification of iconoclasm with an edict in 832 forbidding the veneration of icons. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] After the death of Theophilos in January of 842, the empire was inherited by the infant Michael III and managed by his mother Theodora until 856.

  5. Virgin of Vladimir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_of_Vladimir

    Our Lady of Vladimir, egg tempera on wood panel, 104 by 69 centimetres (41 in × 27 in), painted about 1131 in Constantinople The Virgin of Vladimir, also known as Vladimir Mother of God, Our Lady of Vladimir [1] (Russian: Владимирская икона Божией Матери [a]), is a 12th-century Byzantine icon depicting the Virgin and Child and an early example of the Eleusa ...

  6. Byzantine illuminated manuscripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_illuminated...

    Religious images or icons were made in Byzantine art in many different media: mosaics, paintings, small statues and illuminated manuscripts. [1] Monasteries produced many of the illuminated manuscripts devoted to religious works using the illustrations to highlight specific parts of text, a saints' martyrdom for example, while others were used ...

  7. Council of Hieria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Hieria

    The council and its Christological arguments were later refuted as heretical by Nicaea II, [20] and also by the Council of Constantinople (843) which reasserted the significance of icons in the Church. During the second period of Byzantine iconoclasm, Emperor Leo V the Armenian overtured Nicaea II and reinstated Hieria. However, rather than ...

  8. God the Father in Western art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art

    The beginning of the 8th century witnessed the suppression and destruction of religious icons as the period of Byzantine iconoclasm (literally image-breaking) started. Emperor Leo III (717–741) suppressed the use of icons by imperial edict, presumably due to a military loss which he attributed to the undue veneration of icons. [11]

  9. Byzantine art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_art

    Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, [1] as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from the decline of western Rome and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, [2] the start date of the Byzantine period is rather clearer in art history than in political history, if still ...