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The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths, and sometimes the lanthanides or lanthanoids (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), [1] are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals. Compounds containing rare ...
Rare-earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison. A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes in pegmatites. This would be associated with alkaline magmas or with carbonatite ...
Lanthanum is also ruefully considered a 'rare earth' metal because the process to mine it is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. [17] Lanthanum is rarely the dominant lanthanide found in the rare earth minerals, and in their chemical formulas it is usually preceded by cerium.
The best rare earth stocks are in the spotlight as the demand for strategic and rare earth metals has been on the rise. The increase comes in part on the back of rising consumer interest in green ...
By 2010, the term had been used in mainstream news reports to describe the commercially useful rare earth elements (particularly terbium, erbium, dysprosium, yttrium, and neodymium), which are essential to the performance of consumer electronics and green technology, but whose projected demand far outstrips their current supply. [11] [12] [13]
Neodymium is a fairly common element in the Earth's crust for being a rare-earth metal. Most rare-earth metals are less abundant. Neodymium is classified as a lithophile under the Goldschmidt classification, meaning that it is generally found combined with oxygen. Although it belongs to the rare-earth metals, neodymium is not rare at all.
The metal itself was too electropositive to be isolated by then-current smelting technology, a characteristic of rare-earth metals in general. After the development of electrochemistry by Humphry Davy five years later, the earths soon yielded the metals they contained. Ceria, as isolated in 1803, contained all of the lanthanides present in the ...
This is done to coat the various types of rare earth metals with either flocculent, collectors, or modifiers for easier separation in the next step. Flotation using the previous chemicals to separate the gangue from the rare-earth metals. Concentrate the rare-earth metals and filter out large particles. Remove excess water by heating to ~100 °C.