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Using the XOR swap algorithm to exchange nibbles between variables without the use of temporary storage. In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required.
For example, they can be locked, or can have write ordering requirements imposed by journaling. Moreover, as the goal of page replacement is to minimize total time waiting for memory, it has to take into account memory requirements imposed by other kernel sub-systems that allocate memory.
In finance, the term accretion refers to a positive change in value following a transaction; it is applied in several contexts. When trading in bonds , accretion is the capital gain expected when a bond is bought at a discount to its par value , [ 1 ] given that, it is expected to mature at par .
In the field of multivariate statistics, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) [1] is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) using techniques of kernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space .
[37] [38] [39] In the case of a swap, for example, [37] the potential future exposure, PFE, facing the bank on each date is the probability-weighted average of the positive settlement payments and swap values over the lattice-nodes at the date; each node's probability is in turn a function of the tree's cumulative up- and down-probabilities.
To derive this rate we observe that the theoretical price of a bond can be calculated as the present value of the cash flows to be received in the future. In the case of swap rates, we want the par bond rate (Swaps are priced at par when created) and therefore we require that the present value of the future cash flows and principal be equal to ...
The LIBOR market model, also known as the BGM Model (Brace Gatarek Musiela Model, in reference to the names of some of the inventors) is a financial model of interest rates. [1]
The information bottleneck method is a technique in information theory introduced by Naftali Tishby, Fernando C. Pereira, and William Bialek. [1] It is designed for finding the best tradeoff between accuracy and complexity (compression) when summarizing (e.g. clustering) a random variable X, given a joint probability distribution p(X,Y) between X and an observed relevant variable Y - and self ...