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Their website offers samples of PFAs and other chemicals used in their products to any researchers studying the environment and the long-term effects of chemicals. Based on varying population growth and development scenarios, Minnesota state agencies have mapped out 18 unique scenarios for the treatment of individual families' well-water and ...
USGS map showing the number of PFAS detections in tap water samples from select sites across the U.S. In April 2024, the EPA issued a final drinking water rule for PFOA, PFOS, GenX, PFBS, PFNA, and PFHxS. Within three years, public water systems must remove these six PFAS to near-zero levels. States may be awarded grants up to $1 billion in aid ...
It includes a recommendation that the State of Michigan set advisory limits for PFAS other than PFOA and PFOS, and for the state to develop new drinking water standards "based on weight of evidence and convergence of toxicological and epidemiological data", suggesting that the current national advisory level of 70 ppt for PFOA + PFOS may be too ...
All of these methods promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals or other oxidizing agents that can oxidize PFAS and break its C−C bonds. [3] [4] However, the remediation of PFAS depends on the environmental medium where the these compounds reside. For example, the treatment of contaminated soil, biosolids and water is not the same, and risk ...
The state also set a PFOS standard at 13 ppt. [24] The state had set a standard for PFNA in September 2018, with an MCL of 13 ppt. [25] [26] In August 2020 the State of Michigan adopted drinking water standards for 5 previously unregulated PFAS compounds and lowered acceptable levels for 2 previously regulated compounds PFOS and PFOA to 16 ppt ...
A number of jurisdictions have guidelines or limits for the concentration of PFHxS in water, in diets, and in the environment. There are fewer regulations on PFHxS compared to PFOS and PFOA. This reflects the relative lack of epidemiological and toxicological information on the human health effects of exposure to PFHxS. [4]
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS).
A 2018 report to Congress indicated that "at least 126 drinking water systems on or near military bases" were contaminated with PFAS compounds. [8] [9] A 2016 study found unsafe [10] levels of fluorosurfactants in 194 out of 4,864 water supplies in 33 U.S. states. Covering two-thirds of drinking water supplies in the United States, the study ...