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In gynecology, a rectocele (/ ˈ r ɛ k t ə s iː l / REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. [1] Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. [2] Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. [1]
Posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Enterocele (small intestine into vagina) Rectocele (rectum into vagina) Sigmoidocele; Apical vaginal prolapse. Uterine prolapse (uterus into vagina) [4] Vaginal vault prolapse (descent of the roof of vagina) – after surgical removal of the uterus hysterectomy [5] Uterine prolapse in a 71 year old woman, with ...
It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
Unfortunately, posterior vaginal wall prolapse occurred in some patients even though the anterior repair was successful. [39] In 1955, using mesh to support pelvic structures came into use. In 1970, tissue from pigs began to be used to strengthen the anterior vaginal wall in surgery.
The rectum or urinary bladder may prolapse as a result of changes in the integrity of connective tissue in the posterior or anterior vaginal walls, respectively, resulting in pelvic floor prolapse. Symptoms may include a feeling of pressure in the pelvis, or the visible protrusion of organs from the vagina.
Treatments for mild uterine prolapse include “observation, pelvic floor physical therapy” or using a pessary, a flexible device that goes into the vagina to push up the uterus, explains Eilber.
[7] [3] The anatomical landmarks used are anterior vaginal wall, cervix, hymen, perineal body, total vaginal length, posterior vaginal wall and posterior fornix. [8] A three-by-three centimeter grid is used to record the proximal and distal numbers. The information on the grid is translated to the appropriate stage of prolapse. [3]
The rugae can disappear with anterior vaginal wall prolapse which can occur when supports to the portion located between the vagina and bladder are damaged and the bladder bulges into the vaginal lumen. Vaginal self-examination includes visualizing the presence of vaginal rugae. [8] Anatomists identified rugae of the vagina as early as 1824. [9]