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Apple scab is a common disease of plants in the rose family that is caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis. [1] While this disease affects several plant genera, including Sorbus, Cotoneaster, and Pyrus, it is most commonly associated with the infection of Malus trees, including species of flowering crabapple, as well as cultivated apple.
More proactive methods of management exist in the form of genetically resistant cultivars and species. Apple cultivars such as Enterprise, Goldrush, Liberty, Jonafree, Macfree, Prima, Pristine, Redfree, and Sir Prize are resistant to apple scab infection along with multiple varieties of ornamental crab apples. [14]
A separate project was initiated by C.S. Crandall of the University of Illinois to breed scab-resistant apples by introducing the VF gene from the crabapple Malus floribunda. His work has been continued by the PRI disease resistant apple breeding program with great success. [5] Among the scab-resistant apples that carry the VF gene are ...
Malus floribunda, common name Japanese flowering crabapple, [1] [2] Japanese crab, [3] purple chokeberry, [2] or showy crabapple, [2] originates from Japan and East Asia. It may be a hybrid of M. toringo with M. baccata , in which case it would be written as Malus × floribunda .
Malus (/ ˈ m eɪ l ə s / [3] or / ˈ m æ l ə s /) is a genus of about 32–57 species [4] of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples. The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Malus sylvestris, the European crab apple, also known as the European wild apple or simply the crab apple, is a species of the genus Malus. Its scientific name means "forest apple", reflecting its habitat.
Pristine apple, is one of the scab-resistant cultivars, to be developed by "PRI", hence its name "PRI"stine. By 2000, the PRI have already released a total of eighteen apple cultivars, containing the scab-resistant Vf gene derived from Malus floribunda 821. Fifty-some PRI germplasm cultivars have also been released worldwide. [2]
Malus ioensis, known as the Iowa crab or prairie crabapple, is a species of crabapple tree native to the United States. The most common variety , M. ioensis var. ioensis , is found primarily in the prairie regions of the upper Mississippi Valley .
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