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The Confederate States Army (CSA), also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold and expand the institution of slavery. [3]
Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the first and only president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party before the American Civil War.
[3] [4] The American Civil War began less than two months after Lincoln's inauguration, with the Battle of Fort Sumter; afterwards four further states seceded. Lincoln would go on to win re-election in the 1864 United States presidential election. The 1860 election was the first of six consecutive Republican victories.
On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never ...
Civil War scholar Allan Nevins argues that 1862 was the strategic high-water mark of the Confederacy. [171] The failures of the two invasions were attributed to the same irrecoverable shortcomings: lack of manpower at the front, lack of supplies including serviceable shoes, and exhaustion after long marches without adequate food. [172]
Elmer Ephraim Ellsworth (April 11, 1837 – May 24, 1861) was a United States Army officer and law clerk who was the first conspicuous casualty [2] and the first Union officer to die [3] in the American Civil War. [4] [5] He was killed while removing a Confederate flag from the roof of the Marshall House inn in Alexandria, Virginia. [6] [7]
March 4, 1861 – Lincoln becomes the 16th president and Hamlin becomes the 15th vice president; 1861 – American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter; 1861 – First Battle of Bull Run (First Battle of Manassas) 1861 – Davis unanimously elected to full term as Confederate president, Stephen unanimously elected to full term as Confederate vice ...
Fort Breckinridge, Arizona Territory (1860 to 1865) was named in honor of the Vice President. During the Civil War, its name was changed to Fort Stanford in honor of California Governor Leland Stanford, before being changed back to Fort Breckinridge. After the Civil War, the name was changed once again to Camp Grant. [217]