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Valve seats are often formed by first press-fitting an approximately cylindrical piece of a hardened metal alloy, such as Stellite, into a cast depression in a cylinder head above each eventual valve stem position, [1] and then machining a conical-section surface into the valve seat that will mate with a corresponding conical section of the ...
The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series, developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M GmbH. M3 models have been produced for every generation of 3 Series since the E30 M3 was introduced in 1986. The initial model was available in a coupé body style, with a convertible body style made available soon after.
The M3 models based on the F30 3 Series were introduced in 2014. Designated F80 for the M3 (sedan) alongside F82 for the M4 (coupe), it is the first time an M3 has used a separate model code, and the first time an M coupe was designated M4. They are powered by the S55 twin-turbocharged straight-six engine. Production of the M3 ended in 2020. [47]
Valvetronic system of the BMW N52 engine. The Valvetronic system is a BMW variable valve lift system [1] which, in combination with VANOS, allows infinite adjustment of the intake valve timing and lift. [2] [3] The system claims to improve fuel economy and emissions, and negates the need for a throttle body in regular use. [4]
Multi-seat valve with pneumatic actuator. Multi-seat valves, or multi-port valves, are used to shut off or control complex liquid flows in sterile areas in the beverage and food industry as well as in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Multi-seat valves often replace combinations of several single-seated valves in aseptic processing.
BMW M engines were traditionally large displacement naturally aspirated high revving engines, particularly the S85 V10 in the E60 M5 and E63 M6 and the related S65 V8 in the E90 M3. These are the most powerful engines BMW has ever built (not including the BMW S70/2) without supercharging or turbocharging, with an output of 100 hp per liter of ...
BMW has used clutch delay valves on the E39 and E46 models, and others, from 1997. These valves have been unpopular with some drivers and are sometimes removed in favour of a conventional clutch action. [2] The BMW valve takes the form of a separate pipe fitting and is easily removed.
Rubber Lined Diaphragm Valve. Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a flexible diaphragm, and a "weir or saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The valve body may be constructed from plastic, metal or other materials depending on the intended use.