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If more severe, it may be diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Constipation – Constipation occurs in 11–38% of pregnant women. [30] Constipation during pregnancy is thought to be due to decreased smooth muscle motility in the bowel caused by normal increases in progesterone. [31]
Where anismus causes constipation, it is an example of functional constipation. Many authors describe an "obstructed defecation syndrome", of which anismus is a cause. [24] The Rome II classification functional defecation disorders were divided into 3 types, [25] however the symptoms the patient experiences are identical. [26]
During this time, women are at increased risk of being constipated. Multiple studies estimate the prevalence of constipation to be around 25% during the first 3 months. [64] Constipation can cause discomfort for women, as they are still recovering from the delivery process especially if they have had a perineal tear or underwent an episiotomy. [65]
This is known as a closed-loop obstruction because there exists an isolated ("closed") loop of bowel. Acute volvulus often requires immediate surgical intervention to untwist the affected segment of bowel and possibly resect any unsalvageable portion. [11] Volvulus occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly men. [11]
In severe cases, during defecation peritoneal contents can protrude through into the vagina or rectum, or displace them. Symptoms are variable, depending on the severity and the location of the herniation, and may include incomplete evacuation of the rectum, heavy sensation in the pelvis, and constipation. [50]
Experts say doctors and the public don't agree on the symptoms of constipation.
Alcohol: Use during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. [67] Tobacco use: During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. [68] Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%. [69]
Those who are pregnant or breastfeeding may also want to avoid GLP-1 agonists, as the safety of these medications during pregnancy has not been well-established. Always talk to your health care ...