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Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan and olmesartan all contain a biphenyl-methyl group. Losartan is partly metabolized to its 5-carboxylic acid metabolite EXP 3174, which is a more potent AT 1 receptor antagonist than its parent compound [17] and has been a model for the continuing development of several other ARBs. [1]
Losartan is excreted in the urine, and in the feces via bile, as unchanged drug and metabolites. [44] About 4% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in urine, and about 6% is excreted in urine as the active metabolite. [44] The terminal elimination half-lives of losartan and EXP3174 are about 1.5 to 2.5 hours and 3 to 9 hours, respectively. [44]
Losartan, the first ARB. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) antagonists, [1] also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, [2] [3] angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT 1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and ...
ATC code C09 Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Amlodipine has been studied in healthy volunteers following oral administration of 14 C-labelled drug. [53] Amlodipine is well absorbed by the oral route with a mean oral bioavailability around 60%; the half-life of amlodipine is about 30 h to 50 h, and steady-state plasma concentrations are achieved after 7 to 8 days of daily dosing. [7]
The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs' side effects, and cost. Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive. Examples include: Age can affect the choice of medications.
Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hyzaar among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure when losartan is not sufficient. [1] [2] It consists of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker; and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] [2]
For other side effects, data are inconclusive: A study comparing lercanidipine to first-generation drugs found no difference in the frequency of headache and flush, [7] but switching from amlodipine, felodipine or nitrendipine (all at least second generation) to lercanidipine significantly decreased side effects in another study. [5]