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In 1827 the Frenchmen Real and Pichon patented and constructed a compound impulse turbine. [11] The first steam turbine-powered ship Turbinia: fastest in the world at that time. The modern steam turbine was invented in 1884 by Charles Parsons, whose first model was connected to a dynamo that generated 7.5 kilowatts (10.1 hp) of electricity. [12]
Fig-1: Schematic Diagram of Curtis Stage Impulse Turbine. The velocity compounded Impulse turbine was first proposed by C.G. Curtis to solve the problem of single stage Impulse turbine for use of high pressure and temperature steam. The rings of moving blades are separated by rings of fixed blades.
The degree of reaction contributes to the stage efficiency and thus used as a design parameter. Stages having 50% degree of reaction are used where the pressure drop is equally shared by the stator and the rotor for a turbine. Figure 4. Velocity triangle for Degree of Reaction = 1/2 in a turbine
Practical hydroelectric water turbines and steam turbines did not appear until the 1880s. Gas turbines appeared in the 1930s. The first impulse type turbine was created by Carl Gustaf de Laval in 1883. This was closely followed by the first practical reaction type turbine in 1884, built by Charles Parsons.
The steam passing through the last stage of turbine has a high velocity and a large moisture content. The liquid particles have lesser velocity than that of vapor particles; hence, the liquid particles obstruct the flow of vapor particles in the last stage of the turbine, and therefore, a part of kinetic energy of the steam is lost.
The Ljungström turbine (Ljungströmturbinen) is a steam turbine. It is also known as the STAL turbine, from the company name STAL ( Swedish : Svenska Turbinfabriks Aktiebolaget Ljungström ). The technology has had numerous uses since its conception, from power plants to vehicles as large as the supertanker Seawise Giant .
A steam turbine with the case opened Humming of a small pneumatic turbine used in a German 1940s-vintage safety lamp. A turbine (/ ˈ t ɜːr b aɪ n / or / ˈ t ɜːr b ɪ n /) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) [1] [2] is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
The variation of the steam consumption rate ṁ (kg/h) with the turbine load during throttle governing is linear and is given by the “willan’s line”. [1] The equation for the willan’s line is given by: ṁ=aL+C. Where a is the steam rate in kg/kWh, 'L' is the load on turbine in KW and C is no load steam consumption.