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A British cartoon of 1923 satirising Atatürk's rule in Turkey The Conference of Lausanne began on 21 November 1922. Turkey, represented by İsmet İnönü of the GNA, refused any proposal that would compromise Turkish sovereignty, [ 100 ] such as the control of Turkish finances, the Capitulations , the Straits and other issues.
The inclusion of "Turkey" in its name reflected an increasing trend of new ways Ottoman citizens thought of their country, and was the first time it was formally used as the name of the country. [126] On 23 April, the assembly, assuming full governmental powers, gathered for the first time, electing Mustafa Kemal its first Speaker and Prime ...
Ataturk: An intellectual biography (2011) Kazancigil, Ali and Ergun Özbudun. Ataturk: Founder of a Modern State (1982) 243pp; Ward, Robert, and Dankwart Rustow, eds. Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (1964). Yavuz, M. Hakan. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (2003) Zurcher, Erik. Turkey: A Modern History (2004)
An invasion was threatened in 1941 but did not happen and Ankara refused German requests to allow troops to cross its borders into Syria or the USSR. Germany had been its largest trading partner before the war, and Turkey continued to do business with both sides. It purchased arms from both sides.
Post-war Turkey has been largely defined by its agricultural society, which includes many landlords and merchants. The control of people in the Turkish economy is quite evident from 1923 to the 1930s, but they still managed, through foreign joint investment, to establish a state economic enterprise.
By August 1944, the Axis was clearly losing the war and Turkey broke off relations. Only in February 1945, Turkey declared war on Germany and Japan, a symbolic move that allowed Turkey to join the future United Nations. [29] On 24 October 1945 Turkey signed the United Nations Charter as one of the fifty-one original members. [29]
Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. 29 October Elected first president. 1928 9 August Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet. 1932 12 July Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association). [2] 1934 16 June The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK". 1938 10 ...
However, the idea of reform did not go beyond the idea of a constitutional monarchy until Atatürk. [citation needed] It was especially possible for the idea of a republic to find the opportunity to develop in the period following the First World War. After the war, empires such as Russia, Germany and Austria were replaced by republican regimes.